The effect of structure on antibacterial performance of Mg0.94Cu0.06O nanoparticles

This study investigates the optical properties and antibacterial efficacy of Mg₀.₉₄Cu₀.₀₆O nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. The nanoparticles were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and antibacterial tests. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure and average particle size of 17 nm, indicating effective copper doping in the MgO lattice. The FTIR spectra validated the presence of functional groups, including Mg-O and Cu-O bonds, along with surface hydroxyl groups, which are critical for antibacterial activity.\r\nUV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a reduced optical bandgap of 2.25 eV, showcasing the enhanced visible-light absorption due to copper incorporation. Antibacterial performance was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method, demonstrating a significant zone of inhibition (32 mm), attributed to copper ions disrupting bacterial membranes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by MgO.\r\nThe results highlight the dual functionality of Mg₀.₉₄Cu₀.₀₆O nanoparticles as a potential candidate for biomedical applications and visible-light-driven photocatalysis. This work paves the way for optimizing metal-doped MgO nanostructures for multi-functional applications.