The New Criminalization Of The Crime Of Financial Corruption Within The Scope Of International Agreements

Financial corruption appears through financial deviations, violation of the rules and provisions governing the administrative and financial functioning of the State and its institutions, and violation of the instructions of financial control bodies such as the Central Organization for Financial Control, which is competent to examine and monitor the accounts and funds of the government, public bodies and institutions and companies.\r\nThe crime of bribery is no longer limited to the scope of the public service, but has extended to the facilities of the private sector, due to the increase in the latter\'s intervention in satisfying the needs of individuals, and its competition in providing services to the public, and the spread of the crime of bribery, whether in the public sector or the private sector, is a serious indicator that calls for concern; due to the vibration of the value system within society, the deviation of the rules of ethics and due to the spread of the crime of bribery in the private sector and convinced by those in charge of developing the United Nations Convention against Corruption.\r\nCorruption is no longer a local affair, but rather an international phenomenon that affects all subjects of international law, so the responsibility to combat it lies with all States parties to the Convention, as Member States have tended to criminalize this type of bribery in binding international agreements. Indeed, the Iraqi legislator criminalized bribery in the private sector in implementation of its international obligations, after joining in 2007 to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, which was approved in 2003, in addition to achieving a high level. It is in line with the system of international legislation, although this Convention did not oblige the States Parties to criminalize bribery in the private sector, but rather made it optional, is to limit it to bribery in the private sector in actions related to the public sector, whether national or foreign, which means that bribery committed in the private sector is permissible, and does not constitute any criminal accountability for its perpetrators, and it seems that this criminalization came because of the importance of the work of this sector in terms of its relation to the public sector, and in order to subjugate.