The impact of Plowing Systems and Type of Plows on Some Soil Characteristics and The production of Maize Crop

This experimental study was carried out in one of the farmers’ fields affiliated to Kirkuk governorate to study the impact of the plowing systems and the type of plows, i.e., the chisel, disc and moldboard plows, and three types of plowing techniques, i.e., once, twice orthogonal, and 3 times on some soil characteristics and the productivity of yellow maize (class 106) at autumn season (2020-2021). The results showed that chisel plow significantly outperformed the other plow systems in the bulk density of the soil, the weighted mean diameter (the length of the ear, the number of rows in the ear, and the grain yield which amounted 1.29, 0.82, 18.06, 16.76 and 6907, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that there were no significant differences between the variables. Plowing for two times has significant impact on the characteristics of bulk density, weighted diameter rate, ear length, number of rows per ear and grain yield which amounted to 1.36 g/cm³, 0.83 mm, 17.73 cm, 16.4 and 7371.33 kg/hectares, respectively. Nevertheless, the system of plows do not have any significant impact on the moisture content. Besides, the interaction between the chisel plow and the twice tillage has impact on the bulk density, the weighted diameter rate, the length of the ear, the number of rows per ear. The grain yield amounted to 1.36 g/cm³, 0.98 mm, 19.7 cm, 19.7 cm and 7522 kg/hectares, respectively.