Recent Advances in Strain Gauge Technology: Materials, Design, and Applications

Strain gauges are essential components in engineering, used to assess strain in various structural parts under load. Traditional metallic foil strain gauges face limitations like low sensitivity and fragility. Recently, advancements in nanomaterials, flexible electronics, and wireless communication have created new possibilities for strain gauge technology. This review consolidates the latest research on new materials, improved sensor designs, and innovative applications in fields such as aerospace, biomedicine, and civil engineering. It also focuses on the challenges, reliability, and future prospects of intelligent systems that include AI and IoT. The article concludes with a discussion of current issues and the future path to wider adoption.